Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurological and developmental disability caused by differences in the brain. People with ASD can experience challenges with social communication, interaction, repetitive behaviors, restricted interests, and learning or functioning in certain environments. Autism is referred to as a spectrum because of its wide range of severity and symptoms. According to the CDC, autism affects an estimated 1 in 44 children in the United States.
What Causes Autism?
Autism does not discriminate—any gender, race, ethnicity, or socioeconomic background can be affected. While the exact cause is unknown, research suggests that genetics play a major role in early brain development. Factors that increase likelihood include premature birth, low birth weight, having older parents, having a sibling with ASD, and other genetic conditions.
Early Signs of Autism
Spotting autism in young children can be difficult due to the range of symptoms and severity. A professional evaluation is recommended if concerns arise related to social interaction, communication, or behavior. Some children show signs in infancy, while others regress after developing typically for a period of time. Most signs are noticeable by age two. If you are unsure what to look for, learning about
early signs of autism
can help guide next steps.
Signs of Autism in Infants
Development varies by child, but early signs before age two may include:
- Little to no eye contact
- Inconsistent response to name
- Few or no gestures (pointing, waving)
- Limited facial expressions
- No baby talk
Signs of Autism in Two-Year-Olds
By age two, additional indicators may include:
- Not pointing to show interest
- Lack of concern when others are upset
- Very limited vocabulary
Signs in Toddlers & Preschoolers
Children ages two to four should be expanding play and social engagement. Ongoing difficulty with pretend play or peer interaction warrants discussion with a pediatrician and may indicate a need for
autism screening or evaluation.
Other Common Signs at Any Age
- Preference for solitude
- Repetitive behaviors
- Restricted interests
- Echolalia (repeating words or phrases)
- Difficulty understanding emotions
- Limited facial expressions
- Distress with changes in routine
- Sensory sensitivities
- Self-injurious behaviors
How to Get My Child Tested for Autism
After sharing concerns with your pediatrician, developmental screenings may be recommended. Delays do not always indicate autism, but if ASD is suspected, a referral to a specialist such as a clinical psychologist or developmental pediatrician will be made.
Formal evaluations help determine whether diagnostic criteria are met. Based on results and age, families may be guided toward
early intervention autism therapy
and related services.
Ally Behavior Centers has licensed clinical psychologists specializing in early autism evaluations:
https://allybehavior.com/services/diagnostic-evaluations-for-autism/
Summary
When in doubt, consult your pediatrician. Online screening tools can help determine whether further evaluation is needed, but a comprehensive diagnostic process is the best way to understand your child’s needs and identify appropriate supports.